History of Bacteria, Penicillin and Germ Theories

History of Bacteria, Penicillin and Germ TheoriesMursal MalekzadehTHE GERM THEORYHow this each(prenominal) began was before the bug theory was developed. Edward Jenner who was a medical student came up with vaccination. Sm entirelypox was popular in the 18th one C and so many bulk died due to the smallpox. Girls who would milk cows didnt catch smallpox but alternatively caught cowpox. There was no research into ailment and infections in the 18th century. Edward Jenner thought of an mentation. He thought that people could be protected from smallpox if he would inject them with cowpox so therefore in 1794 he tried this idea which proved his prediction right. Also to provide pass off evidence he injected a smallpox victim into the same person he injected cowpox with 2 months after. This ca utilize the person to show no signs of smallpox because he had been injected with cowpox previously. Jenners idea became widely accepted as it cured a fortune of smallpox victims. Jenners tec hnique of injected cowpox into smallpox victims is now called vaccination. In the 1980s the valet de chambre health organisation suggested that the disease didnt exist anymore due to an international vaccination programme. This got free of smallpox. Although Edward Jenners theory was correct and theres evidence to prove it but his technique would not be permitted today because its considered unethical to use healthy participants and inject them.In the 18th and 19th century many women who just gave birth were decease within 5 days of their delivery. There were clear symptoms such as vomiting and inflammation of the womb however no one knew why this was happening. Ignaz Semmelweiss was a doctor who worked in the maternity wards. Semmelweiss name out that his medical students would straight away dissect a exsanguinous body to delivering a baby without washing their hold. This made him think if they had the cause of the disease on their men from the dead patients previously to th eir pregnant patients. Semmelweiss knew that the demolitions were caused by an infectious agent so therefore he told all his medical students to wash their hands in soap before they went to the maternity ward. This was effect because the termination rank dropped to 1% after 2 years. On the other hand other doctors wouldnt agree with Semmelweiss idea because they thought the pain women received after childbirth was due to god punishing them. Washing hands in the 19th century was hard because there wasnt always running warm body of water and the soap made of chlorinated lime would damage the hands but today everyone washes before and after they do anything.Later in the 1920s Alexander Fleming discovered Penicillin. He noticed a lot of work on on his plates after he came back from holiday. One day he used mould succus which he called penicillin but the problem was that he couldnt get a lot of mould juice because it would go bad so this made him stop doing experiments to prove if penicillin would kill bacteria.In 1938 Howard Florey and Ernst Chain did advertize research into penicillin. One of their experiments were based on 8 mice which they injected 4 of them with bacteria that would kill them and 4 with penicillin. The results showed that the 4 injected with penicillin survived whereas the other remaining 4 died. They could prove that penicillin destroyed bacteria. The next problem was making enough of it for everyone so they went to USA with their mould and the big chemical companies helped them make penicillin. Penicillin is very popular today as it has been used by many to destroy bacterial infections.All these past events influenced Pasteur to come up with the hemipteran theory. The germ theory of disease is thought that infectious diseases are caused by a germ. Louis Pasteur who was a chemist and life scientist did a lot of research into the germ theory. In order to help him with his experiments people such as Robert Koch developed the microscope s o that microorganisms were visible.Pasteur had an idea that growths that developed like mould on food, were from microscopic organisms which were in the air.Pasteur did many experiments to see if his prediction was correct so he boiled broth and closed the container and it would be clear however when he added other things that were exposed to the air, he saw that microorganisms developed in the broth which caused it to be cloudy. He repeated many more experiments until he came up with a series of experiments which used barf necked flasks because this proved that microorganisms that appear in boiled broth come from the air.In 1845 a disease destroyed silkworms. Pasteur again knew this was due to microorganisms because it was found in the tissues of diseased silkworms, moths and eggs which were possible to see by using a microscope. Pasteur tried to get rid of the disease by identifying the eggs which were infected. This helped to save the silk persistence and there was clear evide nce of microorganisms causing disease.Many people died of infectious diseases but Pasteur did a lot of investigation on these diseases so therefore he developed vaccines against these diseases. Many of Pasteurs investigations and experiments influenced Joseph Lister who was a scientist.Pasteur came up with the idea of pasteurisation which is that boiling liquid can effectively remove bacteria or germs.People thought that small organisms as germs couldnt destroy larger ones such as humans. Pasteur did besides investigation in order to explain the causes of many diseases such as smallpox, anthrax, TB and cholera. He found out that these diseases could be eliminated by vaccination and eventually will leave the body. Pasteur became very successful when he developed vaccinations for Rabies.Joseph Lister was influenced by Pasteurs work. He was a surgeon and used Pasteurs political theorys to make the process of surgery more hygienic which eventually prevented many people from dyingWhen Lister found out about Pasteurs experiments on wine going bad due to microorganisms in the air, he knew that microorganisms present in the air were causing his patients to die after they had survived surgery. This was due to the infection as the open wounds made it easier for the germs to transfer into the body.People would use carbolic acid to get rid of cattle bloodsucker in fields so Lister thought it could stop wounds from getting infected by cleanup spot the patients wounds with carbolic acid as well as soaking the dressings in germfree liquid. Listers antiseptic surgery caused the death rate to fall to 15% but before Lister came up with his antiseptic surgery the death rate was high due to the bacteria in the air and the lack of using any antiseptic when doing surgery.Recent events that happened include the discovery of Methiciliin in 1960 in order to treat infections caused by bacteria rebarbative to penicillin.In 2008 the cervical cancer vaccination programme was develop ed and introduced in UK. It was suggested to vaccinate girls aged 12 against HPV. 3 vaccinations are given every six months. This vaccination helps to protect against types of HPV. In conclusion all these events tell us that vaccination is very effective so therefore ever since vaccination was depression discovered it has been successful.Referenceshttp//www.abpischools.org.uk/page/modules/infectiousdiseases_timeline/index.cfm?coSiteNavigation_allTopic=1http//www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/pasteur_louis.shtml